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  • Boost Your Metabolism With Coconut Oil

    Here’s an easy way to boost your metabolism without exercise or stimulants. It’s as simple as adding a delicious food to your diet.

    Certain foods increase metabolism. The most potent of these is protein, which boosts metabolic rate in a process known as the Thermogenic Effect of Food (TEF). Eating more protein and less carbs gives a serious stimulation to metabolic rate. This is one of the many reasons why high protein diets are so effective for weight loss.

    But there’s a single food that has even more calorie-incinerating power than protein: coconut oil.

    Coconut contains medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), unique fats that are far different from the long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) which make up the bulk of dietary fat intake. MCFA’s found in coconut and palm kernel oil are quickly absorbed and burned as energy, boosting metabolism and thermogenesis (fat-burning).

    Further, studies have found that MCFA in coconut oil decreases appetite and improves calcium absorption.

    Substituting MCFA (coconut oil) for LCFA’s (other types of cooking oils) results in decreased fat storage and subcutaneous fat and increased weight loss.

    And if you’re worried about "what you’ve heard" about the "dangers" of coconut oil, get over it! Coconut oil is not only safe, it has been used in hospital medicine to treat cardiomyopathy because of the ease and speed with which the body burns MCFA’s for fuel! (You DID read Nurse Mark’s expose titled Saturated Fat: Another Big Fat Lie, didn’t you???)

    Use coconut oil like you would any other oil. It is especially good for cooking (frying) because it does not turn "trans" like the fragile polyunsaturated oils do. Learn more about this metabolism-enhancing oil here: Coconut Oil: Natural Boost for Metabolism

    Why not start using coconut oil for cooking and baking and give your metabolism a kick in the right direction?!

    References
    1.) Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Vaquero MP, Schultz-Moreira A, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Usefulness and controversial issues of middle-chain fatty acids consumption on lipid-protein metabolism and obesity. [Article in Spanish] Nutr Hosp. 2008 Jun;23(3):191-202.
    2.) Takeuchi H, Sekine S, Kojima K, Aoyama T.The application of medium-chain fatty acids: edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:320-3.
    3.) St-Onge MP, Jones PJ. Physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity.J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):329-32.
    4.) Papamandjaris AA, MacDougall DE, Jones PJ. Medium chain fatty acid metabolism and energy expenditure: obesity treatment implications. Life Sci. 1998;62(14):1203-15.
    5.) Labarthe F, Gélinas R, Des Rosiers C. Medium-chain Fatty Acids as Metabolic Therapy in Cardiac Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Is Nutrasweet (Aspartame) Safe?

    One of our readers wrote the following to General Mills:

    "I was enjoying your Fiber One until I read the ingredients. Why do you put Aspartame in the cereal? The FDA may say it’s safe, but check the studies that have been done and how this is harmful to the body. People being diagnosed with MS and it was the result of drinking diet sodas. "

    General Mills replied:

    "Dear Valued Consumer:

    Thank you for contacting General Mills concerning the use of aspartame in Fiber One cereal.

    A great deal of effort is directed toward ensuring the safety of our products. Before a product is released from our research group, it is carefully checked to ensure that it meets our high standards.

    The safety of aspartame has been demonstrated repeatedly by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and affirmed by the American Cancer Society, the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control, the World Health Organization as well as regulatory authorities around the world.

    (Dr. Myatt’s note: Well, I’ll sleep better at night knowing that aspartame is approved by every US and world organization that takes bribe money — uh, I mean "licensing fees").

    Furthermore, independent cancer researchers at major universities such as Harvard, Colombia, Duke and the University of Illinois have stated that allegations against aspartame are without merit and that the ingredient is completely safe.

    Aspartame provides consumers the benefit of sweet taste without using sugar. We strive to provide consumers with good-tasting food choices to meet their taste and health or nutrition preferences.

    Additional information on aspartame may be obtained from the American Dietetic Association, National Center for Nutrition and Dietetics at 1-800-366-1655.

    We appreciate your comments and hope you will continue to choose our products.

    Sincerely,
    Allison Owen
    Consumer Services"


    Next, Ruth emailed Dr. Myatt

    "Do you buy this ??!!! I don’t mean the product, I mean the explanation…"

    To which Dr. Myatt replies:

    Aspartame (best-known trade names are "NutraSweet" and "Equal") has long been known to be toxic. You know me, Ruth. I don’t buy into every "conspiracy theory" just because it’s "holistically popular" to do so. But aspartame is bad news. In fact, it’s beyond bad news. I believe this sugar substitute is poisonous, in spite of what General Mills, the FDA and anyone else has to say about it.

    Here’s the "short course":

    Aspartame is composed of phenylalanine (50%), aspartic acid (40%) and methanol (10%). Methanol, which forms 10% of the broken down product, is converted in the body to formate, which can either be excreted or can give rise to formaldehyde, diketopiperazine (a carcinogen) and a number of other highly toxic derivatives. (1).

    Studies show that aspartame is linked to:

    • brain tumors "an exceedingly high incidence of brain tumors… in experimental animals…" (cancer) (2-4)
    • seizures (1,5)
    • depression and behavior disturbances (6,7)
    • headaches (1,8-9)
    • neurotoxicity (1)

    … and a long list of other "adverse events" reported to the FDA.

    The "how in the world did this stuff get approved?" story reads like a genuine whodunnit, featuring industry ties, bribes and forged data. If you’re interested in the whole sordid story, find an old copy of Dr. Jonathan Wright’s "Deadly Deception." Or read the "short course" on this scandal here: http://www.aspartamesafety.com/Article9.htm

    Of course, there are no shortage of studies which show that aspartame is completely safe. Here is what one review noted. "This review is particularly worrying as it shows that, although 100% of industry funded (either whole or in part) studies conclude that aspartame is safe, 92% of independently funded studies have found that aspartame has the potential for adverse effects." (10,11)

    Bottom Line: Lose the aspartame and use a safe sweetener like stevia (an herb) instead. You won’t find any aspartame-sweetened anything in my house, even though I still have Teflon pans and still cook with my microwave oven!

    And here’s a "Conspiracy Theory" NOTE: If you search for references about the dangers of aspartame on Pubmed (index of medical journal articles), you’ll find many potentially damning references that say "no abstract listed," which means you and I can’t read the conclusions of these studies without purchasing the entire journal. This is not true of most articles where the abstracts are readily available. I smell a dead and decomposing rodent, don’t you?

    References
    1.) P. Humphries, E. Pretorius, H. Naude. Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;62(4):451-62. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
    2.) Huff J, LaDou J. Aspartame bioassay findings portend human cancer hazards. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2007 Oct-Dec;13(4):446-8.
    3.) Gombos K, Varjas T, Orsós Z, Polyák E, Peredi J, Varga Z, Nowrasteh G, Tettinger A, Mucsi G, Ember I. The effect of aspartame administration on oncogene and suppressor gene expressions. In Vivo. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):89-92.
    4.) Olney JW, Farber NB, Spitznagel E, Robins LN. Increasing brain tumor rates: is there a link to aspartame? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1996 Nov;55(11):1115-23.
    5.) Maher TJ, Wurtman RJ.Possible neurologic effects of aspartame, a widely used food additive. Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Nov;75:53-7.
    6.) Walton RG, Hudak R, Green-Waite RJ. Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population. Biol Psychiatry 1993;34:(1-2): 13-7.
    7.) Coulombe RA Jr, Sharma RP.Neurobiochemical alterations induced by the artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Mar 30;83(1):79-85.
    8.) Van Den Eeden SK, Koepsell TD, Longstreth Jr WT, van Belle G, Daling JR, McKnight B. Aspartame ingestion and headaches: a randomized, crossover trial. Neurology 1994;44: 1787-93. [PubMed].
    9.) Lipton RB, Newman LC, Cohen JS, Solomon S. Aspartame as a dietary trigger of headache. Headache 1989;29:(2): 90-2.
    10.) Aspartame and its effects on health: independently funded studies have found potential for adverse effects. British Medical Jour. 2005 Feb 5;330(7486):309-10.
    11.) SURVEY OF ASPARTAME STUDIES:CORRELATION OF OUTCOME AND FUNDING SOURCES. Ralph G. Walton, M.D. Chairman The Center for Behavioral Medicine Forum Health Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine [independent paper not published in a peer-review journal].

  • The Most Dangerous Food

    This just in today from Medscape.

    Do you know what the most dangerous food — an entire category — is considered to be, based on the number of people affected?

    Meat you say? After all, E.coli has killed more than a few people over the years, especially in cheap hamburger from sleazy fast-food joints.

    But alas, meat isn’t it. It turns out that government oversight of meat-packing operations is at least functional.

    How about sushi? After all, raw fish could transmit parasites…

    Guess again.

    The most dangerous category of foods based on the number of deaths and sickness is FRUITS and VEGETABLES. And while some of the contaminants can be removed by careful cleansing, many others are internal to the fruit or produce and no amount of washing will make them safe.

    What to do?

    • Buy as many of your fruits and vegetables locally as you can (they’ll be much fresher anyway).
    • Try your hand at growing some of your own. (Salad veggies like lettuce and sprouts are particularly easy and require very little space).
    • Consider using an organic fruit and vegetable supplement like Red Alert or Greens First to give yourself the benefit of 10 + servings of fruits and vegetables daily without the risk. (And these tasty supplements help to "fill in the gaps" of the 10 servings of fruits and vegetables I’m willing to bet money you’re NOT eating anyway)!

  • Help! I Don’t Want To Get Old!

    I’m Getting a little older, I’m under lots of stress and work long hours, I’m packing on a little weight, and I want to get back to being lean and healthy. How can do it?

    Wow! If I had a nickel for every time we have heard some variation of this question… Here is a note from one of our HealthBeat regulars:

    Hey Guys , What is a good diet (life style) for someone who wants to lose weight (the fat) yet build muscle. What’s happening is I have been lifting weights since I was 16 and always been very lean. Over the past year or so I have stopped lifting and under a lot of stress. Lots of it! I am hitting the 45 year mark and started gaining some love handles (Which ain’t gonna happen!) They got to go. I have never had to worry about fat – but now is a different story… What is a good diet? To be honest too, I am never ever sick, but I still have skin cancer spots pop up sometimes. My energy is still very good – even working 15 plus hours a day… So I guess the heart of the question is: What types of food will lean me down and build the muscle? I know I need to get off the sugars ( sodas and candy – I’ve been eating them like crazy tryin’ to keep the energy up lately). Oh, PS – what is wrong with Soy products? I was reading one of your articles for men’s health. I drink soy milk like 2 gallons a week. I can’t drink cows milk. I always had sinus until I got off cows milk and haven’t had a cold or flu in Years .. So what’s up with soy? Soy Protein bars, etc.?  Thanks, Ron in Tennessee.

    Well Ron, that’s a lot of questions! Here are a few answers:

    First, why not start weight training again? Using the techniques of "Super-Slow" resistance training that Dr. Myatt recommends you can get real benefits in as little as 10 minutes – improved muscle-mass, and the stress-reduction that you know comes from a good workout.

    Next, you mention that you are using sodas and candy "to keep the energy up" – but you know that the sugar is not good for you – and it doesn’t really give more than a very temporary energy boost, followed by a "crash" that makes you reach for the sodas and candy all over again. Just say no to soda and candy – as Dr. Myatt says; "pop is slop!" Did you know that the primary fuel for most cancers is sugar? That’s right, most cancers can be starved out by following a high protein, very low carbohydrate diet.

    For a healthful quick energy drink check out Zip-Fizz. Toss a couple in a pocket or lunch cooler and add one to a bottle of water for an ultra-quick on-the-job pick-me-up and electrolyte boost.

    For a great, high-protein, low-carb snack / meal replacement / tasty treat try Dr. Myatt’s Super Shake – I’ll include the recipe in this article and you can always refer to it on our website here: Super Shake recipe.

    Since you are a regular reader of the HealthBeat Newsletter you certainly have seen Dr. Myatt’s recent article about soy products – there is good and bad with soy, so they must be chosen and used with care. You can review these articles here.

    Good quality whey protein is usually well-tolerated by folks who "cannot tolerate cow’s milk" – I know, because I’m one of those people. We are not allergic, we are just lactose intolerant – we are deficient in an enzyme and don’t digest the lactose – milk sugar – well. This results in gas, bloating, diarrhea, and other GI upset. Whey protein does not contain the lactose, and digests easily – I use whey protein every morning in my Super Shake, right after my daily run.

    Your soy "protein bars" and "energy bars" are often high in carbohydrates – look carefully at the label!

    So, here is the short course for you to lean down, build muscle, reduce stress, and boost energy:

    Exercise. Yes, you work hard at your job, but it’s not the same – you need to do some dedicated resistance or weight training every day.

    Diet. Quit the sugars, limit the soy, go high protein and low carbohydrate, and have at least one Super Shake every day.

    You do eat a good, high-protein breakfast, right? No? Shame on you! The Super Shake is perfect for a quick breakfast-on-the-run – it can be blended up in less than 5 minutes total!

    Also, many of our customers dry out a water bottle and add all the Super Shake ingredients to it and take that to work for break-time. Just add water and shake for a delicious snack. Try it!

    Finally, you do take Maxi Multi or Once Daily My Packs or even our new Extreme Duty Optimal Defense Packs – designed by Dr. Myatt especially for our troops -  every day to be sure you are getting OPTIMAL, not just minimal, vitamins, minerals, and trace nutrients, right?

    Let me know how it goes…
    Nurse Mark

    Dr. Myatt’s Super-Shake – Why You Should be Drinking My "Super Shake"

    Ever wish that something which tasted like a yummy treat was also good for you? Have I got great news for you! I have found myself giving individual patients the recipe for what I call my "Super Shake" so frequently in the past few weeks that I realized it’s high time for me to encourage everybody to drink this incredibly tasty, amazingly healthy "milkshake." Before I discuss the recipe and what the individual ingredients will do for you, let’s take a look at the overall health benefits of The Super Shake.

    What My "Super Shake" Will Do for You

    Taken at least once, and better yet twice per day, this tasty treat provides a basket full of health benefits. I’ll describe the "whys" and "wherefores" of individual ingredients below so you can see how my Super Shake works it’s "magic," but first let’s look at all the good this amazing recipe accomplishes. I believe you’ll see why I recommend it so often in my practice.

    1. If you are overweight, the Super Shake will help you lose.
    2. If you are underweight, the Super Shake will help you gain.
    3. The Super Shake helps preserve and build better muscle tone.
    4. The Super Shake strengthens the immune system.
    5. The Super Shake helps normalize blood sugar levels, so it improves both diabetes and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
    6. Ingredients in The Super Shake help lower cholesterol levels.
    7. Whey and gelatin in the Super Shake strengthen ligaments, tendons, and bones.
    8. Antioxidants and protein contained in my Super Shake help renew, rejuvenate and heal skin.
    9. EZ Fiber and L-glutamine help normalize bowel function and correct constipation, diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome.
    10. The Super Shake is high in flavonoids, especially the kind useful for preventing or halting eye diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and retinopathy.
    11. These same flavonoids plus other ingredients work together to prevent and reverse varicose veins, atherosclerosis, neuropathy and neuralgia (nerve disease and nerve pain).
    12. Whey and L-glutamine help protect normal cells during radiation and chemotherapy.
    13. My Super Shake is so easily assimilated and so healthy that it is THE beverage (food) of choice when recovering from illness or surgery. Whey is known to speed wound healing.

    Best of all, this is a truly delicious drink, not a "choke-it-down" health concoction. Sound
    too good to be true? Here’s the recipe and an individual breakdown of the numerous benefits of each of the ingredients.

    Dr. Myatt’s Super Shake Recipe

    • 1 scoop vanilla whey protein (with both whey protein concentrate and isolate)
    • 1 Tablespoon EZ Fiber
    • 1 TBS. flax oil
    • 1 scoop Red Alert (or Greens First)
    • 1 TBS. frozen blueberries (optional)
    • 1 cup crushed ice
    • 1 cup water (1 cup for a soft-serve ice cream consistency, 2 cups for a milkshake)

    Optional extras:

    • 1 teaspoon L-glutamine
    • 1 raw egg – To add additional high-quality protein.
    • 1 packet plain unflavored gelatin – To help strengthen joints, ligaments, and bones.

    Add 1 cup ice (crushed is best) to the bottom of an electric blender. Add water. Add blueberries and all other ingredients. Blend until smooth. Drink or eat and Enjoy! You’re going to love this and so will your body!

    What’s in the "Super Shake" that Makes it So Great? Let’s take a look at the individual ingredients and see why this Shake is a "Miracle Food."

    Whey Protein: When processed correctly (to retain whole protein concentrate and at low temperatures to preserve immune factors), whey supplies a biologically superior protein with natural immune factors, including lactoferrin and immunoglobulins.

    Milk-derived whey protein has been shown to:

    1. boost immune function
    2. improve liver function
    3. bind and safely remove heavy metals
    4. speeds wound healing
    5. aid muscle growth. (Body builders have long known about the muscle-building benefits of whey)
    6. promote healing of bones, skin, and muscle
    7. heal cartilage and strengthen joints, tendons and cardiac muscle
    8. In cancer medicine it has been found that whey offers "considerable protection to the host" over that of other types of protein including soy, especially during chemotherapy and radiation. At low concentrations, whey inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Whey also protects cellular glutathione (a body-produced antioxidant) in normal cells during radiation. This effect is not seen with other proteins.
    9. Because the milk-sugar portion is removed, whey is suitable for people who are lactose intolerant. The Super Shake made with whey provides a high quality protein, high nutrient, low carb meal replacement or between-meal snack

    NOTE: NOT ALL WHEY PROTEINS ARE CREATED EQUAL! Many whey powders contain the "isolate" form only, but many of the immune benefits of whey are found in the Whole Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC). Our Wellness Club brand of whey is specially processed to preserve all of these important nutritive factors.

    Flax Seed Oil: You’ve heard me wax eloquent numerous times about the importance and benefit of Omega-3 fatty acids (Flax and fish oil are the primary sources).

    The American diet is grossly deficient in Omega-3 fatty acids (Which are Essential Fatty Acids, or EFA’s). Deficiencies of Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to subtle body-wide inflammation which in turn is associated with over 60 known diseases including heart disease, stroke, arthritis, allergies, asthma, cancer, overweight and obesity, autoimmune disease, neurological disease, psoriasis, eczema, high blood pressure to name only a few.

    Daily supplementation of Omega-3 fatty acids, derived primarily from flax and/or fish oil (salmon is a rich source) are one of the healthiest things a person can do to prevent these many EFA-deficiency associated diseases. The essential fats are SO important that the Government officially recommended in 2003 that Americans get more Omega-3 fatty acids in their diet.

    L-Glutamine: This amino acid is a major component of muscle tissue. It is also a major source of energy for cells of the GI tract. It stimulates the production of Growth Hormone (GH) and decreases sugar and alcohol cravings.

    Athletes use Glutamine to help build muscle (anabolic), but it can also be used by non-athletes, even the frail elderly, to help prevent muscle tissue breakdown. It is useful for rejuvenating the lining of the GI tract and can therefore assist in healing after GI surgery and in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

    Glutamine stimulates the immune system and should be used when recovering from any surgery or illness. In weight loss, it is useful for reducing alcohol and sugar cravings. Because it crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts as a ready supply of energy for the brain, it is also used in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD/ADHD).

    EZ Fiber: A delicious mild berry flavor fiber complex of Brans, Gums, Mucilage, Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Pectins. Each level teaspoon provides 7 grams of fiber and 7 grams of carbs. (Zero grams effective carbs). Mixes easily, does NOT go "gummy" and tastes great.

    Fiber is known to:

    1. Bind intestinal toxins and soften and bulk stools
    2. Lower cholesterol
    3. Helps correct constipation and diarrhea
    4. Helps remove heavy metals and toxins
    5. Clears out excess bowel mucous and alleviates gas
    6. Deodorizes and cleans the digestive tract
    7. Helps heal and soothe the G.I. tract

    Blueberry: (and its cousin bilberry which can be taken in capsule form if preferred) is an herb which acts as a potent antioxidant and serves to strengthen and stabilize veins. It is used for: Atherosclerosis, cataracts, diabetes mellitus, neuropathy and neuralgia, retinopathy, varicose veins, and macular degeneration. Bilberry has a special affinity for the eyes and veins. It also improves skin tone because of its antioxidant and capillary-strengthening properties.

    BOTTOM LINE on My Super-Shakes: Why not have at least one, and better yet two, of these wonderful health-enhancing drinks per day for one month and give yourself the opportunity to experience a great number of health benefits in one tasty glass? And DO drop me a line and tell me of your experiences. I get "fan mail" for the Shakes on a daily basis and I’d like to hear yours!

  • Conventional Medicine Finally Admits PSA Screening For Prostate Cancer is a Bust

    Many of Dr. Myatt’s patients have come to her seeking alternatives to the Conventional Medical treatments of “cut, burn, and poison” that are prescribed, often based on little more than an elevated PSA reading.

    While Dr. Myatt recognizes the value of PSA she is less enthusiastic about the way it is used by Conventional Medicine – that is, as a “diagnostic indicator” which allows a harried, busy, and personal risk-conscious physician to minimize the need to think and maximize the opportunity to refer the patient for additional tests and treatment most of which have the potential to cause as much harm as they do good, and all of which can be very distressing to the patient.

    A number of scholarly articles have recently called into question the value and necessity of widespread PSA screening.

    One of Dr. Myatt’s patients had some questions about this, and here is what she replied to him his wife:

    Hi J and M

    This video (a couple of minutes long) just in on the medical airwaves today.
    Conventional medicine finally admits that PSA screening for prostate cancer is a bust.
    You might be VERY relieved to see this video…

    http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/574168

    This refers to an editorial article and video available on the website Medscape.com – a resource that is directed toward informing and educating your conventional medical doctor.

    Since this website requires registration and log-in and some of our readers may not be able to access this video for that reason we have included here a transcript of that video:

    Screening for prostate cancer in men age 50 and older is common in clinical practice today, but it’s not based on adequate evidence that it improves health outcomes. That’s why the US Preventive Services Task Force, the leading independent panel of experts in prevention, has found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for prostate cancer.

    The benefits of screening for early prostate cancer are unknown. There are substantial harms associated with detection and treatment of prostate cancer, and the research fails to show a reduction in prostate cancer death and a net improvement in a patient’s well-being.[1]

    Patients deserve to know when there’s insufficient evidence that a preventive screening will do more good than harm. Do not screen for prostate cancer without first discussing with patients the potential — but uncertain — benefits and possible harms. We need to inform patients about the gaps in the evidence. Then we need to help them assess their personal risks and other individual considerations and preferences that might influence their decisions.[2]

    Be prepared to answer questions. Patients are likely to want to know what the potential harms of screening, detection, and treatment of prostate cancer might be. These potential harms include fairly frequent false-positive results from PSA screening tests that might lead to unnecessary anxiety and unnecessary biopsies. All treatments for prostate cancer carry risks of harm.[3]

    Remember this is your patient’s decision, too. And helping patients make decisions that are appropriate for them as individuals is one way to provide high-quality care, in the absence of definitive evidence.[4]

    That is my opinion. I’m Dr. Michael LeFevre of the US Preventive Services Task Force.

    References

    1. Screening for Prostate Cancer: What’s New From the USPSTF? AHRQ Publication No. APPIP03-0003. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; December 2002. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/prostatescr/prostatwh.htm Accessed May 7, 2008.
    2. Sheridan SL, Harris RP, Woolf SH; Shared Decision-Making Workgroup of the US Preventive Services Task Force. Shared decision making about screening and chemoprevention. a suggested approach from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26:56-66.
    3. Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1250-1261.
    4. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Prostate Cancer: Recommendations and Rationale. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; December 2002. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/prostatescr/prostaterr.htm Accessed May 7, 2008.